abstract：:The year 2006 will mark a turning point in the daily management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The impact of immunotherapy with interferon-alpha or interleukin-2 has been shown to be restricted to a minority of patients. The growing understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis ...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Pouessel D,Culine S

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of cancers occur with increased frequency in individuals with HIV infection. There is a debate as to whether or not hepatocellular cancer is one of these tumors. This article reviews the current data regarding incidence etiology, treatment and outcome for HIV-related hepatocellular cancer. It also attempts to...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Powles T,Macdonald D,Nelson M,Stebbing J

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain lymphomas and leukemias, as well as many autoimmune diseases. Antagonistic B-cell antibodies are thus gaining an increasing role in the management of these diseases. The first antibody target in this regard was CD20, with the development and introduction of...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Goldenberg DM

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of renal cell carcinoma is rapidly changing as a result of recent evidence concerning the efficacy of biological drugs, antiangiogenetic agents and signal-transduction inhibitors. This paper will provide a critical overview of the use of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma and review the available data...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Passalacqua R,Buti S,Tomasello G,Longarini R,Brighenti M,Dalla Chiesa M

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this report, we first describe the history of transsphenoidal surgery. We further elaborate on three fundamental surgical anatomy principles of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas. First, the pituitary gland and, therefore, pituitary adenomas are extra-arachnoid structures, therefore the operation should...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Ciric IS,Zhao J

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fludarabine is a prodrug that is converted to the free nucleoside 9-beta-D-arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine (F-ara-A), which enters cells and accumulates mainly as the 5'-triphosphate, F-ara-ATP. F-ara-ATP has multiple mechanisms of action, which are mostly directed toward DNA. Collectively, these actions affect DNA synthes...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Montillo M,Ricci F,Tedeschi A

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metastasis is the spread of cells from a primary tumor to a distant site, where they arrest and grow to form a secondary tumor. Conventional metastasis models have focused primarily on analysis of end point tumor formation following inoculation with tumor cells. This approach can be used to measure the metastatic pote...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： MacDonald IC,Chambers AF

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional diagnostic imaging technique that provides very different information from that obtainable with other imaging modalities. The most widely used radiotracer is F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is an analog of glucose. The FDG uptake in cells is directly propor...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Kumar R,Chauhan A,Vellimana AK,Chawla M

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Satraplatin is a novel, orally bioavailable, platinum anticancer drug. Platinum analogs form the mainstay of treatment for a number of cancers, including lung, ovarian, colorectal and head and neck cancer. A disadvantage of the currently marketed platinum analogs is that they must all be administered via intravenous i...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Choy H

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant gliomas are the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor in adults. Despite progress in brain tumor therapy, the prognosis of malignant glioma patients remains dismal. The median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme, the most common grade of malignant glioma, is 10-12 months. Conventional ther...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Sathornsumetee S,Rich JN

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas radical cystectomy is the standard of care in high-grade, invasive bladder tumors, the extent of lymphadenectomy and its diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential is controversial. Independent predictors for lymph node involvement are T-stage, histological grading and lymphovascular invasion. Preoperative assess...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Nagele U,Anastasiadis AG,Merseburger AS,Sievert KD,Stenzl A,Kuczyk M

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumors of the CNS frequently have devastating consequences in terms of cognitive and motor function, personality and mortality. Despite decades of work, current therapies have done little to alter the course of these deadly diseases. The discovery that chaperones/heat-shock proteins play an important role in tumor bio...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Graner MW,Bigner DD

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For over 40 years, fluorouracil has been the only drug registered for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. During the past 5 years, combination chemotherapy regimens including either irinotecan or oxaliplatin have proven to be superior to fluorouracil monotherapy in randomized clinical trials, in terms of re...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Pessino A,Sobrero A

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retinoblastoma (RB)-Cyclin (CCN)D1-p16 cell cycle pathway has a crucial role in lung tumorigenesis. Impairment of the RB pathway has been shown to occur in almost all lung tumors. A deregulation at any level of this core RB pathway seems to make cells insensitive to the mitogenic signaling that is required for cel...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Wikman H,Kettunen E

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a distinct disorder characterized by a monoclonal immunoglobulin M paraprotein and morphological evidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. It is relatively rare, accounting for approximately 2% of all hematological malignancies. The aim of treatment for patients with Waldenström's macr...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Johnson SA

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the general intent of treatment for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer is palliative, and cure does not seem to be a realistic objective in this setting, median overall survival is greater than 12 months in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients with ovarian cancer can now expect that the t...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Kose MF,Meydanli MM,Tulunay G

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinase (PK)Calpha and epsilon are rational targets for cancer therapy. However, targeted experimental therapeutics that inhibit PKCalpha or epsilon are unavailable. The authors established recently that covalent modification of an active-site cysteine in human PKCepsilon, Cys452, by small molecules, for exampl...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： O'Brian CA,Chu F,Bornmann WG,Maxwell DS

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than 13,000 patients died from invasive bladder cancer in 2005 alone. Radical cystectomy is the most commonly prescribed treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, or for those with a nonmuscle-invasive disease that is refractory to intravesical therapy. Despite advances in surgical technique and...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Amiel GE,Lerner SP

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Prostate-sparing radical cystectomy has been described in the literature and has proven to be a promising procedure owing to the continence and erectile function results without necessarily compromising the oncologic outcome in selected patients. TECHNIQUE POINTS:A transperitoneal approach is used. Lymph node ...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Rozet F,Harmon J,Arroyo C,Cathelineau X,Barret E,Vallancien G

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most prominent pathways explored in the area of targeted therapy is the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which plays a central role in cell survival and proliferation. Deregulation of this pathway has been implicated in the promotion of cancer cell growth and survival. Inhibition of several steps of this pathway has ...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Georgakis GV,Younes A

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer has been clarified by recent randomized studies and meta-analyses, which all showed that cisplatin-based, combination chemotherapy offers a significant survival advantage. Preoperative chemotherapy results in downstaging in a significant percentage...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Bamias A,Dimopoulos MA

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast cancer represents a major health problem, with more than a million new cases and 370,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Options and understanding of how to use cytotoxic chemotherapy in both advanced and early stage breast cancer have made substantial progress in the past 10 years, with numerous landmark studies iden...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Hussain SA,Palmer DH,Stevens A,Spooner D,Poole CJ,Rea DW

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most prevalent malignant disease among light-skinned individuals in the USA, accounting for approximately 1 million new cases annually. Solar ultraviolet radiation is known to be the major cause of skin cancer. The idea that diet, particularly dietary fat, may play a role in modulating c...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Black HS

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Childhood acute myeloid leukemia is rare, but accounts for a significant number of malignancy-related deaths in this age group. However, the prognosis has improved over past decades, and survival rates of 60% and above have been reported. Still, this implies that more than a third of children and adolescents die from ...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： ter Bals E,Kaspers GJ

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, in particular filgrastim, in clinical use more than 10 years ago made a significant impact on the management of neutropenia and its complications. More recently, the application of pegylation technology has created a second-generation molecule, pegfilgrastim, with s...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Ng R,Green MD

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastrointestinal endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound not only provide strategies to diagnose and stage malignancy, but also to administer palliative and definitive care. Options for anticancer therapy include endoscopic mucosal resection, photodynamic therapy, thermal therapy, self-expanding metal stents and recently,...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Wong RF,Bhutani MS

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelin axis deregulation triggers a series of events that ultimately activate proliferation, invasion, escape from programmed cell death, new vessel formation, abnormal osteogenesis and alteration of nociceptive stimuli. Atrasentan is a novel agent that effectively targets this pathway and is able to inhibit and/o...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Jimeno A,Carducci M

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer develops in a stepwise fashion, with an accumulation of molecular alterations progressing through preinvasive steps to invasive disease. This progression could be arrested or reversed through pharmacologic treatments, which are known as cancer chemoprevention. Preclinical and clinical findings relating to ...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Cohen V,Khuri FR

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many solid tumors, including breast and prostate cancer, metastasize to bone, thereby putting patients at high risk for developing skeletal complications including pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression and debilitating bone pain. Patients often live for many years after developing bone metastasis, a fact that h...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Gulley J,Dahut WL

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia has become increasingly difficult over the last few years since there are a variety of treatment options available. The ultimate challenge is to decide the most appropriate treatment strategy for an individual patient. To facilitate this, assessment of an individual...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Burton C,Marin D,Apperley J

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testicle are highly treatable and curable. The evolution of cancer control for this disease has demonstrated an effective integration of medical and surgical approaches over the last 30 years. Current emphasis in the therapy of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors focuses on minimiz...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Yoon GH,Stein JP,Skinner DG

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bladder cancer is rare in patients below the age of 50 years, and most patients are in their 60s and 70s. Radical cystectomy is the preferred approach for patients with localized disease in most European countries and the USA, and evidence is growing in favor of neoadjuvant, platinum-based chemotherapy for patients at...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Basso U,Bassi P,Sava T,Monfardini S

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer cells generally maintain their survival by suppressing apoptosis. Mitochondrial mechanisms are involved in most forms of apoptosis (referred to as mitochondrial apoptosis), and the Bcl-2 family controls apoptosis at the mitochondrion via a balance of the effects of pro- and antiapoptotic members. Antiapoptotic ...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Gardner CR

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anemia is a common and potentially debilitating complication of cancer. Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp, Amgen) has been in routine clinical use for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia since 2002. The extended half-life of darbepoetin alfa permits less frequent and consequently more flexible dosing than other eryth...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Pirker R

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The failure of conventional chemotherapy to improve survival in a large percentage of patients with advanced solid tumors has prompted the development of alternative anticancer approaches. Conventional allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) relies on myeloablative conditioning to eradicate the under...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Espinoza-Delgado I,Childs RW

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Positron emission tomography (PET) using [(18)F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic modality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data in the literature show that the addition of FDG-PET definitely alters clinical management in patients with potentially resectable NSC...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Oyen WJ,Bussink J,Verhagen AF,Corstens FH,Bootsma GP

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although testicular cancer is currently a rare disease, the incidence is rising. The most important risk factor remains cryptorchism and there is a variable association with testicular microlithiasis. Serum tumor markers remain important for diagnosis, and they have prognostic value and can be used to monitor therapy ...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Balk C,Witjes JA

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sinonasal malignancies continue to have poor survival rates. Disease-related mortality is usually the result of disease recurrence and progression at the primary site despite aggressive therapy. Complete surgical excision with postoperative radiation therapy remains the standard of care for resectable lesions. Improve...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Maghami E,Kraus DH

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In clinical practice, approximately 50% of new cases of breast cancer occur in women over the age of 65 years, although very few elderly women have been enrolled in the numerous randomized trials conducted so far. Notwithstanding less aggressive biologic features compared with younger patients, breast cancer impacts o...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Basso U,Brunello A,Pogliani C,Monfardini S

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and malignancy was first recognized more than 135 years ago. Since then, a markedly increased incidence of VTE has been found in patients with malignant disease. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that malignancy or its treatment are major risk factors for ...

journal_title：Expert review of anticancer therapy

authors： Gao S,Escalante C

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00